Michael Schwern wrote: !Just out of curiousity and desperate hope, this: ! !VOLUME:[foo.bar][baz.biff]file.wif ! !wouldn't happen to be equivalent to this: ! !VOLUME:[foo.bar.baz.biff]file.wif ! !? If simple string concatenation were possible it would not have been necessary for File::Spec to have goofy subs like catfile() and catdir() that are distinct from each other, now would it? :-) As it happens, no that simple concat does not work. Here is a real world example using the logical name associated with a mounted volume: $ dir/nohead/notrail disk$perl:[perl-5_6_1_root.lib.time]gmtime.pm DISK$PERL:[PERL-5_6_1_ROOT.LIB.TIME]GMTIME.PM;1 whereas the following two are errors: $ dir/nohead/notrail disk$perl:[perl-5_6_1_root][lib.time]gmtime.pm %DIRECT-E-OPENIN, error opening DISK$PERL:[PERL-5_6_1_ROOT][LIB.TIME]GMTIME.PM as input -RMS-F-SYN, file specification syntax error $ dir/nohead/notrail disk$perl:[perl-5_6_1_root][.lib.time]gmtime.pm %DIRECT-E-OPENIN, error opening DISK$PERL:[PERL-5_6_1_ROOT] [.LIB.TIME]GMTIME.PM as input -RMS-F-SYN, file specification syntax error If I emulate a rooted logical name I can "ls" that file: $ dir/nohead/notrail disk$perl:[perl-5_6_1_root.][lib.time]gmtime.pm DISK$PERL:[PERL-5_6_1_ROOT.][LIB.TIME]GMTIME.PM;1 Had there been a translation concealed terminal logical name that last one would not have worked either. Here is an illustration: $ define/trans=(conc,term) perl_root DKA200:[perl-5_6_1_root.] This works as expected: $ dir/nohead/notrail perl_root:[lib.time]gmtime.pm PERL_ROOT:[LIB.TIME]GMTIME.PM;1 These do not work: $ dir/nohead/notrail perl_root:[lib][time]gmtime.pm %DIRECT-E-OPENIN, error opening PERL_ROOT:[LIB][TIME]GMTIME.PM as input -RMS-F-SYN, file specification syntax error $ dir/nohead/notrail perl_root:[lib][.time]gmtime.pm %DIRECT-E-OPENIN, error opening PERL_ROOT:[LIB][.TIME]GMTIME.PM as input -RMS-F-SYN, file specification syntax error In contrast to the use of the volume label example above this does not work: $ dir/nohead/notrail perl_root:[lib.][time]gmtime.pm %DIRECT-E-OPENIN, error opening PERL_ROOT:[LIB.][TIME]GMTIME.PM as input -RMS-F-DEV, error in device name or inappropriate device type for operation And for completeness this does not work either: $ dir/nohead/notrail perl_root:[lib.][.time]gmtime.pm %DIRECT-E-OPENIN, error opening PERL_ROOT:[LIB.][.TIME]GMTIME.PM as input -RMS-F-DEV, error in device name or inappropriate device type for operation HTH Peter PrymmerThread Previous | Thread Next